WPC- ,MF ʷ]C~e,6‚+'mQ;=n3ʗbdK~lkj2]K҄[Ttw9FV ŢV*,M#X~gT( ѤbXICDuVgAbj&AXYI+QeIN(4Zp4R&`1x f8V    dd dLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$  0  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 50/[Inline Te&xt" <<C""""'dxd(3$ !  (3$ !  ݀Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(CEOYcmwAutoList11.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 &0 d dTABLE E3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)d(;3$2#  0  .3  0  2d d(x-  Z 6Times New Roman Regular d  R DDDD'dxd  d>Thick/Thin 2[ d -dddd@ x9 Z6Times New Roman Regular( (dU(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(d(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#  PFOAsolare Laga SNCi USVI PWSsVISDWASubchapter"ReauthorizationSDWISexceedances UVIexceedancegrandfathered VOCs IOCs SOCs"Trichloroethane$Dichlororthylene$TrichlorobenzeneDibromochloropropane DBCP Dichloroethane"Dichloropropane TCDD cis$DichloroethyleneDalaponethylhexyladipate"DichloromethaneDinosebDiquatEndothallEndrin"EpichlorohydrinEthylbenzenedibromideGlyphosateHeptachlorepoxide&Hexachlorobenzene6HexachlorocyclopentadieneMethoxychlor&Monochlorobenzene"Dichlorobenzene"polychlorinatedbiphenyls&Pentachlorophenol*TetrachloroethyleneXylenesToxapheneOxamylVydatePicloramSimazine"trihalomethanesRadionuclide pCi mremshigellosisasiatic"Cryptosporidium TCRcoliform ALscompliersNoncompliers LTCIvannaEudoraSprauveTNCPWS NTNCtransient,Non TNCEPAIDClasificationAldershvilleCaravelleChenayMarkoeCoakleyPrincesseCruzan FotoGalloway NTCHarborviewHarbour YDPDHolgerDanskeIngeborgGardine KFCReine RocK RockQuestaRepcoWeatherly SionSouthgate StxDunbavinU.V.I.R.E.C. NMRCastleTowersCabritaClariseHeadstartEldraShulterbrantMarcelliMylnerFrenchtown NTND GrndSibillyKmart KnudMafolieMagensJunctNiskyRamadaSavanSeaviewVessupVitelcoWestinRaymos CFRMoravian PWS CPWSNTNCPWSPNCPWSs CCR VOC DBP TTHM IOCRadionuclidesGGGG)!dxdx(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#<Y[adefghvG_cgkosw{Bullet ListBullet List(Chainlinkdd !  _fXX   Ӏ  #X|Xf+# !XX|  UNITEDSTATESVIRGINISLANDS  DEPARTMENTOFPLANNINGANDNATURALRESOURCESDIVISIONOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONPUBLICWATERSYSTEMSSUPERVISIONPROGRAM#X|X! #    !XX|U.S.VIRGINISLANDS d  ANNUALPUBLICWATERSYSTEMCOMPLIANCEREPORTFORCALENDARYEAR2002#X|X! #     PreparedAugust2003 (!x DPNR/DEP/PWSS  "d   #P  fXX|  TableofContents#X|Xf#   =1.0  IntroductionAL)F FdEF FA0 0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1x(#x(# b 3(83:b <3     <3121.  1  3  0 `   PublicWaterSystems0h` (#` (#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1AL)Z0  d-EZ0  A߄2<31h݌x(#x(# Ќ    1.2 ` ThePublicWaterSystemSupervisionProgram:AnOverviewAL)' KdE' KA0 x 23t x(#x(#   1.3 ` ViolationsoftheSafeDrinkingWaterActAL) bdE bA0 p 0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#36` x(#x(# 2.0  TablesofSignificantViolationsAL) D dE D A0  0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#7118 x(#x(#   2.1 ` TotalColiformRuleAL) LdE LA0 h 0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#7$ t x(#x(#   2.2 ` LeadandCopperRule0 h AL) dE A0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#7` x(#x(#   2.30 ` InorganicChemicalContaminantsAL)P dEP AAL)8 dE8 A0` (#` (#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#8L x(#x(#   2.40 ` OrganicChemicalContaminantsAL) dE AAL) dE A0` (#` (#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#9108 x(#x(#   2.50 ` RadiologicalContaminantsAL)wT dEwT A0` (#` (#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#11$ x(#x(# 3.0  Summaryof2002Violations0 h AL)tX dEtX AAL)tX dEtX A0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1217 x(#x(#   3.1 ` TotalColiformRuleMCLViolationsAL)BdEBA0 p 0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1213x(#x(#   3.2 ` TotalColiformRuleMonitoring/ReportingViolationsAL),dE,A0  0x (# (#13x(#x(#   3.30 ` NitrateMonitoringAL)c#d Ec#A0h` (#` (#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1314px(#x(#   3.40 ` VolatileOrganicCompoundsMonitoringAL)X dEX A0p` (#` (#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#14\x(#x(#   3.50 ` Disinfectant&DisinfectionByProducts(D/DBP)MonitoringAL)rdErA0x` (#` (#14Hx(#x(#   3.6 ` SyntheticOrganicCompoundsMonitoringAL)dEA0 p 0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#154x(#x(#   3.70 ` InorganicContaminants(IOC)MonitoringAL)X dEX AAL)dEA0p` (#` (#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#15 px(#x(#   3.80 ` Lead&CopperMonitoringAL)H d EH A0` (#` (#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#16 \x(#x(#   3.9 ` SignificantNoncompliance(SNC)AL)6, d E6, A0  0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#1617Hx(#x(#    ` 4.0  ListofPublicWaterSystems(PWS)withViolationsduring2002AL)d EA0  0x (# (#185221 x(#x(#   4.1 ` St.CroixPWSwithViolationsduring2002AL)BdEBAAL)5j d E5j A0 p 0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#18516 x(#x(#   4.2 ` St.Thomas/St.JohnPWSwithViolationsduring2002AL),dE,AAL)Td ETA0  0x (# (#197221  @  @  @  @  @  @  @  @ x(#x(#    `     h      p   AppendixA:DefinitionsAL) 5!dE 5!A0  0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#232243 x(#x(#    `     h      p      x    `     h      p      `     h      p      `     h      p   @*   `     h      ($'  8|XXdXXd8SEU HZXX|1.0  Introduction#X|XHZ8"#   EachStateandTerritorywithprimacyisrequiredbysection1414(c)(3)(A)(i)oftheFederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)Amendmentsof1996toprepareanAnnualPublicWaterSystemComplianceReport.TheseannualcompliancereportsprovideinformationoneventsorlackofactivitythatconstitutedaviolationoftheSDWAbyapublicwatersystem(PWS)atsometimeduringthecalendaryearcoveredbythereport.TheDepartmentofPlanningandNaturalResources(DPNRs)intentionthroughthisreportistoinformthecitizensofandvisitorstotheUnitedStatesVirginIslands(USVI)abouthowwellthePWSsoftheUSVIarecomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheSDWA.Asmandatedbylaw,thesereportsmustbesubmittedtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)andmadereadilyavailabletothepublic.The U.S.VirginIslandsAnnualPublicWaterSystemComplianceReport 0H  forCalendarYear2002 isavailableatDPNRs,DivisionofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP).It 4  isalsoavailableatallpubliclibraries,theUniversityoftheVirginIslands(UVI)library,UVIsWaterResourceResearchInstitute,andatlocallaboratories.EPAwillprepareanannualnationalviolationsreportwhichsummarizesandevaluatestheStatesandTerritoriesreport.EPAsreportmustalsomakerecommendationsconcerningtheresourcesneededtoimprovecompliancewiththeSDWA,andmustincludeinformationonPWSsinIndianreservations.AH)X GdEX G[A    `     h      p     AX|  1.1PublicWaterSystems#X|XA)# @X ) Federallawdefinesapublicwatersystemasasystemthatprovideswaterviapipingorotherconstructedconveyancesforhumanconsumptiontoatleast15serviceconnections,orservesanaverageofatleast25peopleforatleast60dayseachyear.InrecognitionoftheUSVIsuniquecharacteristicsandresourcemanagementneeds,locallawsaremorestringent,requiringatleast8serviceconnectionsor20peopleservedforatleast60days.Therearethreeclassificationsofpublicwatersystemsdependingonhowregularlyasetpopulationissuppliedwiththewater.APWSsisdesignatedaCommunityPublicWaterSystem(CPWS)ifitregularlyservesthesamepeopleallyearround(i.e.,WAPAandapartmentcomplexes).ANontransient,NoncommunityPublicWaterSystem(NTNCPWS)regularlyservesthesamepeopleforatleastsixmonthsoutoftheyear(i.e.,schoolsandbusinesses).Transient,NoncommunityPublicWaterSystems(TNCPWS)servedifferentpeopleatleastsixtydaysoutoftheyear(i.e.,hotelsandrestaurants).Forthisreport,theuseoftheacronym PWSreferstopublicwatersystemsofallthreetypes,aswellasbottledwaterplantsandicemanufactures,unlessspecifiedingreaterdetail. (,@$' S >   Therewereapproximately350activePWSsonthethreeislandsofSt.Thomas,St.CroixandSt.Johnincalendaryear2002.ThenumberofPWSsiscontinuallychangingduetobusinessesopeningandclosing.SomesystemsalsobecomeinactivewatersystemsbecausetheyutilizeadirectconnectiontotheVirginIslandsWaterandPowerAuthority(WAPA)astheironlysourceofwater.TheVirginIslandsWaterandPowerAuthoritys(WAPA)desalinizationplantsonSt.ThomasandSt.CroixarethelargestpublicwatersystemsintheUSVI.TheWAPASt.Thomassystemservesapproximately29,000residentsonaregularbasis,thisdoesnotincludethetransientpopulationwhichincludestourists.TheWAPASt.Croixsystemservesapproximately35,000residentsonaregularbasis.ThemajorityofpublicwatersystemsintheUSVI,however,servebetween25to1000individuals.Thesefacilities,forthemostpart,utilizerainwatercollectionsystemsaugmentedbytruckedwaterfortheprovisionofpotablewater.TheuseofreverseosmosistreatmentunitstoproducepotablewaterfrombrackishwellsorseawaterisincreasingthroughouttheTerritory. AH) dE` [A   AX|  1.2ThePublicWaterSystemSupervisionProgram:Anoverview#X|XA2# *B  2 EPAestablishedthePublicWaterSystemSupervision(PWSS)programundertheauthorityofthe . 1974SDWA.AsdirectedbytheSDWAandAmendments,EPAsetsnationallimitsoncontaminantlevelsindrinkingwatertoensurethatthewaterissafeforhumanconsumption.Theselimitsareknownasmaximumcontaminantlevels(MCLs).Forsomeregulations,EPAhasestablishedtreatmenttechniquesinplaceofanMCLtocontrolunacceptablelevelsofacontaminantinwater.TheEPAhasalsodevelopedfrequenciesforwhichpublicwatersystems(PWSs)mustmonitortheirwaterforcontaminants.PWSsarerequiredtoreportthemonitoringdatatotheStates,Territories,ortoEPA.Inaddition,EPArequiresPWSstomonitorforunregulatedcontaminantstoprovidedataforthedevelopmentoffuturedrinkingwaterregulations.Finally,EPArequiresPWSstonotifythepublicwhentheyhaveviolatedtheseregulations.TheSDWAappliestothe50States,theDistrictofColumbia,IndianLands,theU.S.VirginIslands,PuertoRico,AmericanSamoa,Guam,theCommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands,andtheRepublicofPalau.TheSDWAallowsStatesandTerritoriestoseekEPAapprovaltoadministertheirownPWSSprograms.TheauthoritytorunaPWSSprogramiscalledprimacy.Toreceiveprimacy,StatesandTerritoriesmustmeetcertainrequirementsdescribedintheFederalSDWAandregulations.StatesandTerritoriesmustadoptdrinkingwaterregulationsthatareatleastasstringentastheFederalregulations.Toobtainprimacy,aStateorTerritorymustalsodemonstratethattheycanenforcetherequirementsoftheSDWA.TheUnitedStatesVirginIslandspromulgatedtheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct(VISDWA)in1975under19VirginIslandsCode(V.I.C.)Section1303.In1977,thedrinkingwater J,b$( EU ER> E  RulesandRegulationswereissuedasTitle19,PartVI,Chapter51,Subchapter1303,Sections130311to130353,DrinkingWaterStandards.AftertheVirginIslandsdemonstratedtheirabilitytoenforcetheSDWA,EPAtransferredprimacyfromEPARegion2totheUSVIDepartmentofConservationandCulturalAffairsin1979.ThisdepartmentwasofficiallyrestructuredandnamedtheDepartmentofPlanningandNaturalResources(DPNR)in1987andtheauthorityforenforcementoftheDrinkingWaterStandardswasgiventotheCommissionerofDPNRbyTitle19,PartVI,Chapter51,Subchapter1309.TheVirginIslandsPWSSprogramisnowadministeredthroughtheDPNRsDivisionofEnvironmentalProtection.AmendmentstotheVISDWAaddedSections130354through130370in1994tofulfillprimacyrequirementswhichwereaddedtotheFederalSDWAbythe1986Amendments.InJanuary1998,DPNRwasgiventhelegislativeauthoritytoregulatelocallyproducedandimportedbottledwaterandice.AH)$ dtE$ [A   `     h      p      x   AXX|1.3ViolationsoftheSafeDrinkingWaterAct#X|XA?#   ? ThisAnnualPublicWaterSystemComplianceReportprovidesasummaryofthenumberof  violationsofthecategorieslistedinsection1414(c)(3)oftheFederalSafeDrinkingWaterActReauthorization.Thesecategoriesincludebutisnotlimitedtothefollowing: b h<Y[adefg(vx83b <3   <3A2v3  0    maximumcontaminantlevel(MCL)violations;<3AB݌Xp(#(# Ќ   <3   <3B2v3  0    treatmenttechniquerequirement(TT)violations;<3BB݌D\(#(# Ќ   <3   <3C2v3  0    significantviolationsofmonitoringandreporting(M/R)requirements;<3CC݌0H(#(# Ќ   <3   <3D2v3  0    violationsofvariancesandexemptions;and<3DD݌4(#(# Ќ   <3   <3tE2v3  0    significantviolationsofconsumernotificationrequirements. <3tEE݌ (#(# Ќ  PrimacyStatesandTerritoriessubmitdatatotheEPAsSafeDrinkingWaterInformationSystem(SDWIS/FED)onaquarterlybasis.DataincludePWSinventorystatistics,theincidenceofMCLexceedances,majorM/Rviolations,andTT.TheenforcementactionstakenagainsttheviolatorsisalsosubmittedtoSDWIS/FED.. MaximumContaminantLevels(MCL)  |%  UndertheFederalSDWA,theEPAsetsnationallimitsonthelevelthatcontaminantsmaybepresentindrinkingwater.TheselimitsareknownasMaximumContaminantLevels(MCLs).MCLsweredevelopedtoensurethatthewaterissafeforhumanconsumption.ThelevelssetbyEPAforeachcontaminantareamountsofthatcontaminantthatcanbepresentinthewaterwithoutcausingadversehealtheffectstohumansorposehealthrisksoveralongperiodoftime.TheVirginIslandsSDWAandDrinkingWaterStandardsadoptedallofthecontaminantsandMCLsregulatedbytheFederalSDWA. ,$( ЇWhenaPWSexceedsaMCL,itisrequiredtonotifythepublicoftheexceedance.NoticesforviolatingtheMCLofacontaminantwithpotentialtohavea seriousadverseeffectmustcontainanexplanationoftheviolation,thepotentialhealtheffects,whatthesystemisdoingtocorrecttheproblem,andwhetherconsumersneedtouseanalternatesourceofwater.Noticesmustbegiventothepublicwithin24hoursaftertheoccurrenceoftheviolationandthenoticemustrunforatleastthreeconsecutivedays.Violationswhichoccurredin2002forexceedingMCLsarediscussedinSection3ofthisreport. Monitoring&ReportingRequirements(M/R)  H` APWSisrequiredtomonitorforwaterqualityparametersandtoverifythatthelevelsofcontaminantspresentinthewaterdonotexceedtheMCLs.IfthePWSfailstohaveitswatertestedasrequiredbytheVISDWA,thenamonitoringviolationoccurs.AreportingviolationoccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreporttestresultscorrectlytotheprimacyagency.IntheVirginIslands,theproperauthoritytoreportmonitoringdatatoistheDivisionofEnvironmentalProtectionsPublicWaterSystemSupervisionprogram.Forthisreport,significantM/Rviolationsaredefinedasanymajormonitoringandreportingviolationthatoccurredduringcalendaryear2002.AmajorM/Rviolationoccurswhennosamplesweretakenornoresultswerereportedduringacomplianceperiod.Acomplianceperiodvariesfordifferentcontaminants.Forexample,biologicaltestingfortotalColiformmustbedoneonamonthlybasis,ontheotherhand,testingfornitratesmustoccurannually.SignificantM/Rviolationswhichoccurredincalendaryear2002arediscussedinSection3ofthisreport. TreatmentTechniques(TT)    Forsomeregulations,theEPAestablishestreatmenttechniquesinlieuofanMCL.Treatmenttechniquesarerequiredforcontaminantsthatlaboratoriescannotadequatelymeasure.Forexample,EPArequiresawaterdisinfectionprocessinsteadofanMCLforviruses,bacteria,andturbidity.UndertheLeadandCopperRule,corrosioncontroltreatmentisrequiredforthecontrolofleadandcopperindrinkingwater.Althoughaspecifictreatmenttechniqueisnotdictatedbytherulesandregulations,thecorrosioncontroltreatmentmustbereviewedandapprovedbyDPNRbeforeitmaybeimplementedbythepublicwatersystem.TherewerenotreatmenttechniqueviolationsintheVirginIslandsduringcalendaryear2002.&  VariancesandExemptions  )0!$ VariancesandexemptionstospecificrequirementsundertheSDWAAmendmentsof1996maybegrantedundercertaincircumstances.IfaPWScannotmeettheMCL,duetothecharacteristicsoftherawwatersourcesreasonablyavailable,aprimacy')mTԀState(Territory)cangrantthePWSavariance ,$( fromtheapplicableprimarydrinkingwaterregulationontheconditionthatthesysteminstallthebestavailabletechnology,treatmenttechniques,orothermeanswhichtheAdministerfindsareavailable.TheState(Territory)mustfindthatthevariancewillnotresultinanunreasonablerisktopublichealth.AnexemptionmaybegrantedbyaprimacyState(Territory)torelieveaPWSfromitsobligationtocomplywithaMCLifthesystemsnoncomplianceresultsfromcompellingfactors.ThePWSwillberequiredtocomeintocompliancewiththeMCLasexpeditiouslyaspracticable,butnolaterthanthreeyearsaftertheotherwiseapplicablecompliancedate.NovariancesorexemptionshavebeengiventoanyPWSintheVirginIslands,therefore,therewerenoviolationsforthiscategoryduringcalendaryear2002. ConsumerNotificationRequirements   8  APWSisrequiredtonotifypersonsservedwhenitfailstocomplywiththerequirementsoftheSDWAorarefacingothersituationsposingarisktopublichealth.The1996AmendmentstotheSDWArequirepublicnotification(PN)toincludeaclearandunderstandableexplanationofthenatureoftheviolation,itspotentialadversehealtheffects,stepsthatthePWSisundertakingtocorrecttheviolation,andthepossibilityoftheprovisionofalternativewatersuppliesduringtheviolation.InadditiontoPN,the1996AmendmentstotheSDWArequirescommunitypublicwatersystems(CPWSs)toprepareandprovidetotheircustomersannualconsumerconfidencereports(CCR)onthequalityofthewaterdeliveredbythesystem.ThesereportsprovidevaluableinformationtocustomersofCPWSandallowthemtomakepersonalhealthbaseddecisionsregardingtheirdrinkingwaterconsumption. ContaminantWaivers    TheDepartmentofPlanning&NaturalResourcesfullyutilizesthewaiverprovisionsprovidedbytheFederalregulations.Undertheseregulations,DPNRisallowedtodevelopwaiverprogramsthatreduceoreliminateapublicwatersystemsmonitoringrequirements.Waiversarebasedmainlyupontwocriteria:1)analyticalresultsofprevioussampling,and2)avulnerabilityassessment.Waiversbasedonanalyticalresultsmayusedatacollectedpriortoinitialmonitoring(grandfathered)ordatacollectedtomeettheinitialmonitoringrequirements.Avulnerabilityassessmentinvolvestwosteps:1)UseWaiver:Adeterminationismadewhetheragivencontaminantwasused, T&l! manufactured,and/orstoredinanareathatpossiblywouldaffectthewaterqualityofapublicwatersystem;and2)SusceptibilityWaiver:Anassessmentofthewatersourceismadetodeterminea ,(D # publicwatersystemssusceptibilitytocontamination.   `     h      p   Anumberofindividualpublicwatersystemshavereceivedwaiversforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)andinorganiccontaminants(IOCs)basedonanalyticalresultsofprevioussampling.DPNRhasinitiatedasyntheticorganiccompound(SOC)waiverproceduretodeterminewhichSOCscould ,$(  R   qualifyforeitherausewaiverora_susceptibility_Ԁwaiver.DPNRhopesthatthisprocedurewillidentifyaselectgroupofSOCsforwhichmonitoringmaybewaivedforallpublicwatersystemsintheVirginIslands.SinceroofcatchmentisthemostcommonsourceofdrinkingwaterintheVirginIslands,DPNRwillconsidergrantingsusceptibilitywaiverstoaselectedgroupofsmallroofcatchmentsystemsonacasebycasebasisiftheycanprovideinformationwhichverifiesthatnoregulatedorganiccontaminantsorothertoxicchemicalswhichmaycauseaconcernforadversehealtheffectsarecontainedintheroofcoating.  p     `     h   AH)- d[E3[A 4L    z     HZXX|3.0Summaryof2002Violations#X|XHZf#   AX|   3.1TotalColiformRuleMCLViolations #X|XA g#   +gPathogensarediseasecausingmicroorganisms.Bacterialdiseasesincludetyphoid,salmonellosis,shigellosis,bacterialdysentery,andasiaticcholera.GiardiaandCryptosporidiumarecausedbyprotozoansandcancausegastroenteritis.Organismswhichcausediseasesareusuallytransmittedthroughfecesandurine,althoughtheycanalsobefoundinanimalsandsoilreservoirs.Manymicroorganismscanbefoundinwater.Bacteriafromsewageandanimalwasteshavepresentedthemostfrequentandimmediatehealthriskstopublicwatersuppliesovertheyears.Protectingourwatersourcesandemployingpropertreatmenttechniquesarekeytoprovidingsafedrinkingwatertothepublic.Itisdifficult,nottomentionexpensiveandtimeconsuming,totestfordiseasecausingorganisms.Sincepathogensareprimarilytransmittedthroughfecesandurine,waterwhichshowsthepresenceofsuchcontaminantsisconsideredunfitforhumanconsumption.Coliformbacteriaisexcretedinmuchlargernumbersthanpathogens.Therefore,Coliformbacteria,specificallythepresenceoffecalColiformandEscherichiaColibacteria,areusedasthebest(andmosteasilytestedfor)indicatorsofpathogeniccontaminatedwater.WhilethepresenceofColiformbacteriadoesnotprovethatthewaterisdangerous,theabsenceofthesebacteriaservesasevidencethatthewaterisfreeofpathogens.AllpublicwatersystemsintheVirginIslandsarerequiredtohavetheirdrinkingwatersupplytestedforColiformbacteriaonamonthlybasis.Failuretotestthewaterorsubmitthetestresults,orfailuretomeetthemaximumcontaminantlevel(MCL)fortotalColiformareallviolationsoftheTotalColiformRuleundertheSafeDrinkingWaterAct.CompliancewiththeTCRMCLisdeterminedsimplybythepresenceorabsenceoftotalColiformbacteriainasample.Apublicwatersystemwhichcollectsfewerthan40samplespermonthexceedsthisMCLwhenmorethanonesampleistotalcoliformpositive.Ontheotherhand,asystemwhichcollectsmorethan40sampleseachmonthexceedsthetotalcoliformMCLifmorethan5%ofthesamplescollectedaretotalcoliformpositive.MostofthewatersystemsintheVirginIslandsareonlyrequiredtocollectonesampleeachmonth.WAPA,sinceitservesamuchlargerpopulation,isrequiredtotake30bacteriologicalsamplesonSt.Thomasand40bacteriologicalsamplesonSt.Croixeachmonth.Ifasampletestspositivefortotalcoliform,thelabwillfurtheranalyzethewatersampleforfecalColiform.Ifthewatersampleonlytestspositivefortotalcoliform,itisconsideredanonacuteMCLviolation.Ifthewatersamplealsotestspositiveforfecalcoliform,itisconsideredanacuteMCLviolation.ThereasonfordifferentiatingbetweenacuteandnonacuteMCLviolationsistheimpendinghealtheffectsthatmaybecausedtoanindividualbythepresenceoffecalColiforminthewater.ThedifferenceinenforcementofthesetwotypesofviolationsisthetimeframeinwhichthePWSmustnotifyusersofthewater_supply_ԀoftheMCLviolation. .'* Therewere64violationsoftheTotalColiformMCLin2002.Ofapproximately350PWSsintheVirginIslands.Fiftyone(51)systemswereresponsiblefortheseviolations.Thisrepresentedapproximately185..38%oftheTerritorysPWSs.ThenumberoftotalcoliformMCLviolationsdecreasedbyapproximately15.810.5%from2001to2002.EachyearasmallpercentageofPWSviolatetheMCLforTotalColiform.ThispercentageispossiblykeptlowasaresultofcontinuedtechnicalassistanceandeducationaloutreachbythePWSSprogram.EachyearthePWSSprogramconductsinspectionsofpublicwatersystems,calledsanitarysurveys.Sanitarysurveysareonsiteinspectionsofthewatersource,facilities,equipment,operationandmaintenanceprocedures,andmanagementpracticesofapublicwatersystemforthepurposeofevaluatingtheadequacyofthesystemforproducinganddistributingsafedrinkingwater.Sanitarysurveysprovidetheopportunityfordiscussionoftheimportanceofprovidingsafedrinkingwatertothepublic.Italsoprovidesanopportunitytoeducatepublicwatersystemoperatorsonproperchlorinationandotherdisinfectiontechniques.RecommendationsonimprovementstothefacilitywhichwillresultintheproductionofbetterwaterqualityareprovidedtothePWSbytheinspectors.Thisopendialoguebetweenpublicwatersystemoperatorsandmanagers,andDPNRhasdirectlybenefittedthepublicandtheirhealththroughimprovedwaterquality.d    `     h      p      x  d  AX|AH)dtE[A3.2TotalColiformRuleMonitoring/ReportingViolations #X|XA {#  zAPWSisrequiredtomonitorfortotalColiformbacteriaonamonthlybasis.ThenumberofsamplesrequiredeachmonthdependsonthepopulationservedbythePWS.AmonitoringviolationoccurswhenthePWSfailstohaveitswatertestedorfailstocollecttherequirednumberofroutineand/orrepeatsamplesasmandatedbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct.AreportingviolationoccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreporttestresultscorrectlytotheprimacyagency.Therewere57monitoring/reporting(M/R)violationsoftheTotalColiformRule.Ofapproximately350PWSsintheVirginIslands,thirtysix(36)PWSswereresponsibleforalloftheseviolations.Thisrepresentsapproximately10%oftheTerritorysPWSs.NinemonitoringviolationsoccurredasaresultofeightofthesePWSsfailuretocollecttherequiredrepeatsamplesafterapositiveroutinesample.M/RviolationsoftheTotalColiformRule,citedduring2002decreasedbyapproximately17%fromthenumberof2001M/Rviolations.ThisdecreaseinTCRM/Rviolationsmay,again,beattributedtoamoreaggressiveoutreachpolicybythePWSSprogram.   `    AH) )dtE )[A  AXX|3.3NitrateMonitoring #X|XA# @+X#& Nitrateisusedinfertilizerandisfoundinsewageandwastefromhumanand/orfarmanimalsandgenerallygetsintodrinkingwaterfromthoseactivities.Excessivelevelsofnitrateindrinkingwaterhascausedseriousillnessandsometimesdeathininfantsundersixmonthsofage.TheMCLfor /'* Nitrateis10mg/l.ExceedingthisconcentrationconstitutesaviolationoftheMCLforNitrate.NoPWSexceededtheMCLforNitratein2002.PWSsarerequiredtomonitorforNitrateonaannualbasis.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.AmonitoringviolationalsooccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreportanalyticalsamplesresultstotheprimacyagency.Thirtyfour(34)publicwatersystemsfailedtomonitorforNitratein2002.Thisrepresentsapproximately9.7%oftheTerritorysPWSsanda52%decreaseinthenumberofviolationsissuedforfailingtomonitorforNitrateduring2001.  AXX|3.4VolatileOrganicContaminants(VOC)Monitoring #X|XA#  8  |OX|XXX|VOCsarechemicalsderivedfrompetroleumandrefinedpetroleumproductsthatproducevapors  $  readilyatroomtemperatureandnormalatmosphericpressure.Volatileorganicchemicalsincludegasoline,industrialchemicalsandsolvents.Volatileindustrialsolventshavemanyusesbecauseoftheirabilitytodissolveoils,fats,resins,rubberandplastic.#X|XXOX|4#ԀOnlycommunitypublicwatersystems   andnontransient,noncommunitypublicwatersystemsarerequiredtomonitorforVOCs.Initiallymonitorforthisgroupofcontaminantsoccuronaquarterlybasisforoneyear.Subsequentmonitoringmustoccurannually,unlessaPWSisgrantedawaiverbyDPNR.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.AmonitoringviolationalsooccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreportanalyticalsamplesresultstotheDPNR.TherewerenoM/RviolationsforVOCsin2002.TherearedifferentMCLsforthetwentyoneregulatedVOCs.ExceedinganyoftheseestablishedlimitsconstitutesaviolationoftheMCLsforVOCs.NoPWSexceededanyoftheMCLsforVOCsin2002.   `     h AH)- dE [A    AX|  3.5DisinfectantandDisinfectionByProducts(D/DBP)Monitoring#X|XA#AX| :#R  ӋOAA#OX|XOAD#ManyPWSstreattheirwaterwithachemicaldisinfectantinordertoinactivatediseasecausingpathogens.#X|XXOX|#ԀChlorineisacommonlyuseddisinfectantfortheeffectivecontrolofmanyharmful &*! microorganisms.Chlorine,however,reactswithorganicmatterandformthegroupofcontaminantsknownasthetrihalomethanes.CPWSswhichserveapopulationof10,000ormoreandwhichaddadisinfectantarerequiredtomonitorforTotalTrihalomethanes(TTHM)onaquarterlybasis.Complianceisbasedonarunningannualarithmeticaverage,computedquarterly,ofquarterlyaveragesofallsamplescollected.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.AmonitoringviolationalsooccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreportanalyticalsamplesresultstotheDPNR.TherewerenoM/RviolationsforTTHMin2002. ^.v&* TheMCLforTTHMis0.10mg/l.ExceedingthisconcentrationconstitutesaviolationoftheMCLforTTHM.NoPWSexceededtheMCLforTTHMin2002.AXX| Z   `     h      AH)- ddE [A#X|XA2#AXX|      3.6SyntheticOrganicContaminants(SOC)Monitoring#X|XA<#AX|  2 y XA#X,-XXܒ#SyntheticOrganicContaminants,asthenameimplies,aremanmadecompounds.Thearefound 2 inherbicides,pesticides,PCBtransformers,flameretardantsandsealantsforroofs,cisternsandwaterstoragetanks.IntheU.S.VirginIslands,#X|XXX,-*#  CPWSaretheonlytypeofPWSrequiredto    monitorforSOCs.Initiallymonitorforthisgroupofcontaminantsoccuronaquarterlybasisforoneyear.Subsequentmonitoringmustoccurannually,unlessaPWSisgrantedawaiverbyDPNR.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.AmonitoringviolationalsooccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreportanalyticalsamplesresultstotheDPNR.TherewerenoM/RviolationsforVOCs.TherearedifferentMCLsforthetwentyoneregulatedVOCs.ExceedinganyoftheseestablishedlimitsconstitutesaviolationoftheMCLsforVOCs.TherewerenoMCLviolationsforVOCs.AXX|  >V #X|XA|#AX|   `     h      `     h    AH)- dcE)[A#X|XAܗ#AXX|  *B   3.7InorganicContaminants(IOC)Monitoring#X|XA#AX|   7XA#X,-XX#  Inorganiccontaminantsincludetheregulatedmetals,suchasbarium,cadmium,cyanide,lead,copper,mercuryandnickel,andasbestos,nitrateandnitrite.Contaminantsourcesoftheregulatedmetalsaremineraldepositsandindustrialactivitiessuchasmetalfinishing,painting,steelprocessingandthemanufacturingoffertilizerproductsandglass.Asbestosentersdrinkingwaterfromnaturaldepositsorfromasbestoscementpipesthatareusedforcarryingwater.NitrateandNitriteenterdrinkingwaterfromnaturaldepositsorfromagriculturalactivityandsewage.#X|XXX,-ޙ#ԀOnlycommunity  "$ publicwatersystemsandnontransient,noncommunitypublicwatersystemsarerequiredtomonitorforIOCs.Initiallymonitorforthisgroupofcontaminantsoccuronaannualbasis.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.AmonitoringviolationalsooccurswhenthePWSdoesnotreportanalyticalsamplesresultstotheDPNR.MonitoringviolationsforNitrateisdiscussedinsection3.3.TherewerenoM/RviolationsfortheotherIOCsin2002!TherearedifferentMCLsfortheIOCs.ExceedinganyoftheseestablishedlimitsconstitutesaviolationoftheMCLsforIOCs.TherewerenoMCLviolationsforIOCsin2002.AXX|  X*p"&    AH)- d[EC-[A#X|XA#AXX|  D-\%)  .&+ 3.8LeadandCopperMonitoring #X|XAQ#  ֟  CommunityandNonTransient,NonCommunity,PublicWaterSystemsarerequiredtoinitiallymonitorforLeadandCopperduringtwoconsecutive6monthsamplingperiods.ThenumberofsamplesrequiredtobecollectedduringeachsamplingperiodisbasedonthepopulationservedbyaPWSs.FailuretoperformthismonitoringasrequiredbytheVirginIslandsSafeDrinkingWaterAct,constitutesamonitoringviolation.TherearenoMCLsforleadandcopper.EPAhas,however,establishedActionLevels(AL)forleadandcopper.ExceedinganALisnotaviolationoftheSafeDrinkingWaterAct.PWSsexceedingtheALsforleadandcopperarerequiredtoinstalloptimalcorrosioncontroltreatment.FailuretoinstalltreatmentorrecommendacorrosioncontroltreatmenttotheprimacyagencyconstitutesatreatmenttechniqueviolationoftheSafeDrinkingWaterAct. AH) dE` [A    AX| _  _  3.9SignificantNoncompliance(SNC) #X|XA# Rj  M  Significantnoncomplianceoccurswhenapublicwatersystemviolatesanywaterqualitymonitoringrequirementforthree(3)ormoreconsecutivemonths(i.eTotalColiformmonitoring)ortwo(2)ormorecomplianceperiods(i.e.chemicalparametermonitoringrequirements).SignificantnoncomplianceisconsideredthemostreprehensibleandsignificantviolationundertheSDWA.Υ ListofSignificantNoncompliers  h      p      x   *"9ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd , dd ,dd ,edd ,Fdd ,Fdd +  *;  *G* XX| No. 8;#; 8 PublicWaterSystem A;,!"; A EPAID# A;,!"; A Type A;,!"; A Contaminant(s) A;,!"; A Island #X|X ^# `V," G0 * ; * ?1G?` XX|1 4*(#;  ?1 ? 4CaribbeanViewApartments  #;  VI0000313  #;! TNC  #;" Coliform  #;# St.Croix UK#;$ G0 * * @2G@U2 [QBM e%   @2 @ [VillaLaReineShoppingCenter <2#M e&  <VI0000413 <2#M e'  <NTNC 8.#M e(  8Coliform#X|X # XX| +!M e) +St.Croix G=.M e*  G0 * *GG  0!H*   0!H*   0!H*  ! 0!H* !Nitrate "w!+ " KA0!H+ G0 *  * @3G@K3 4*(",  @3 @ 4BlackBeardsCastleHotel  "- VI1000009  ". TNC  "/ Coliform#X|X ,# XX|  "0 St.Thomas H>"1 G0 * * @4G@H_4_ 4*(#2  @4 @ 4CostULess  #3   #4 NTNC  #5 Nitrate#X|X s# XX|  #6 St.Thomas#X|X Ʊ# XX| H>#7 G0 * * @5G@H_5_ 4*($ 8  @5 @ 4CurriculumCenter(Laga)  $ 9 VI0000274  $ : NTNC  $ ; Nitrate#X|X '# XX|  $ < St.Thomas#X|X q# XX| H>$ = G0 * * @6G@H_6_ 4*(&7>  @6 @ 4EvelynE.MarcelliSchool  &7? VI0000522  &7@ NTNC  &7A Nitrate#X|X ҳ# XX|  &7B St.Thomas#X|X # XX| H>&7C G0 * * @7G@H_7_ 4*(I'aD  @7 @ 4FrenchtownBallfield(HP&R)  I'aE VI1000200  I'aF TNC  I'aG Nitrate#X|X ~# XX|  I'aH St.Thomas#X|X ʶ# XX| H>I'aI G0 * *  @8G @H_8_ 4*(s( J   @8  @ 4GuyBenjaminElem._STJ_  s( K VI0000555  s( L NTNC  s( M Nitrate#X|X +# XX|  s( N St.Thomas#X|X # XX| H>s( O G0 * * "@9G"@H_9_ 4*()!P  "@9 "@ 4HospitalGround_Bldg_.A(HP&R)#X|X # XX|  )!Q VI0000112  )!R C  )!S Nitrate#X|X # XX|  )!T St.Thomas#X|X # XX| I?)!U G0 * * $@10G$@I_10_ 5+)*"V  $@10 $@ 5HospitalGround_Bldg_.F#X|X # XX|Ԁ(HP&R)#X|X # XX|  *"W VI0000113  *"X C  *"Y Nitrate#X|X f# XX|  *"Z St.Thomas#X|X # XX| I?*"[ G0 * * &@11G&@I_11_ 5+)+ $\  &@11 &@ 5HospitalGround_Bldg_.G#X|X Y# XX|Ԁ(HP&R)#X|X r# XX|  + $] VI0000114  + $^ C  + $_ Nitrate#X|X # XX|  + $` St.Thomas#X|X M# XX| VL+ $a G0 * * (@12G(@V_12_ \RC-3%b &   (@12 (@ \JamesMonroeSchool <2#-3%c &  <VI0000524 <2#-3%d & <NTNC 8.#-3%e & 8Coliform#X|X # XX| +!-3%f +St.Thomas PF.-3%g & G0 * *GP % -&g % % -&g % % -&g % ! -&g !Nitrate +!E.]&h + UK-&h G0 *  * *@13G*@U_13_ G=2Y G  *@13 *@ G JosephSibillyElem.(ArtRoom) 'Y G 'VI0000508 'Y G 'NTNC 'Y G 'Nitrate#X|X # XX| 'Y G 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [QY G G0 * * ,@14G,@[_14_ G=2 q  ,@14 ,@ GJosephSibillyElem.(_Cafe_)#X|X # XX| ' q 'VI0000507 ' q  'NTNC ' q  'Nitrate#X|X S# XX| ' q  'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Q q  G0 * * .@15G.@[_15_ G=2    .@15 .@ GKnudHansenComplex '  'VI0000124 '  'NTNC '  'Coliform#X|X # XX| '  'St.Thomas [Q  G0 * * 0@16G0@[16 G=2   0@16 0@ GLionelRobertsStadium '  'VI1000152 '  'TNC '  'Nitrate#X|X 4# XX| '  'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| _U  G0 * * 0@16G0@__16_ \RC0N  0@16 0@ \LulusRestaurant <2#0O <VI0000293 <2#0P <TNCPWS 8.#0Q 8Coliform#X|X \# XX| +! +St.Thomas PF.0S G0 * *GP %  % %  % %  % !  !Nitrate +!+ + UK G0 *  * 1@17G1@U_17_ G=2UC   1@17 1@ GMagensBayConcession 'UC! 'VI0000223 'UC" 'TNC 'UC# 'Coliform#X|X V# XX| 'UC$ 'St.Thomas [QUC% G0 * * 2@18G2@[18 G=2m&  2@18 2@ GPeaceCorpElem.(Kitchen) 'm' 'VI0000267 'm( 'NTNC 'm) 'Nitrate#X|X ?# XX| 'm* 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Qm+ G0 * * 3@19G3@[19 G=2 ,  3@19 3@ GProfessionalCenter ' - 'VI1000085 ' . 'NTNC ' / 'Nitrate#X|X l# XX| ' 0 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Q 1 G0 * * 4@20G4@[20 G=2 2  4@20 4@ GQueenLouiseApt.I(HP&R)#X|X a# XX| ' 3 'VI1000018 ' 4 'C ' 5 'Nitrate#X|X a# XX| ' 6 'St.Thomas#X|X )# XX| [Q 7 G0 * * 5@21G5@[_21_ G=2 8  5@21 5@ GQueenLouiseApt.II(HP&R)#X|X # XX| ' 9 'VI1000019 ' : 'C ' ; 'Nitrate#X|X # XX| ' < 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Q = G0 * * 6@22G6@[22 G=2' >  6@22 6@ G_Taarneberg_ԀRoss_Bldg_.1(HP&R)#X|X # XX| '' ? 'VI0000471 '' @ 'C '' A 'Nitrate#X|X <# XX| '' B 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Q' C G0 * * 7@23G7@[_23_ G=2Q?D  7@23 7@ G_Taarneberg_ԀRoss_Bldg_.2(HP&R)#X|X w# XX| 'Q?E 'VI0000472#X|X # XX| 'Q?F 'C 'Q?G 'Nitrate#X|X M# XX| 'Q?H 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [QQ?I G0 * * 8@24G8@[_24_ G=2{iJ  8@24 8@ G_Taarneberg_ԀRoss_Bldg_.3(HP&R)#X|X X# XX| '{iK 'VI0000129#X|X # XX| '{iL 'C '{iM 'Nitrate#X|X .# XX| '{iN 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [Q{iO G0 * * 9@25G9@[_25_ G=2P  9@25 9@ G_Taarneberg_ԀRoss_Bldg_.4(HP&R)#X|X 9# XX| 'Q 'VI0000130#X|X # XX| 'R 'C 'S 'Nitrate#X|X # XX| 'T 'St.Thomas#X|X # XX| [QU G0 * * :@26G:@[_26_ G=2V  :@26 :@ GWheatleyShoppingCenterII 'W 'VI0000296 'X 'NTNC 'Y 'Coliform#X|X # XX| 'Z 'St.Thomas#X|X # [Q[ G0 * * ;@27G;@[ XX|27 L"=2\  ;@27 ;@ LWinstonRaymosCtr.(HP&R)#X|X # XX| ;",!]" ;VI0000505 ;",!^" ;TNC ;",!_" ;Nitrate#X|X =# XX| ;",!`" ;#X|X C# XX|St.Thomas#X|X #<20a G0 *  " <vXX|C=Communitypublicwatersystem a CvvNTNC=Nontransient,NonCommunitypublicwatersystem zb TNC=Transient,NonCommunitypublicwatersystem#CX|XCvH##X|XXCX|# <*c AH) f d[E f [A   `     h      p  !g       fX| AppendixA:  Definitions#X|X.f#    InorganicContaminants :Noncarbonbasedcompoundssuchasmetals,nitrates,andasbestos.   0  Thesecontaminantsarenaturallyoccurringinsomewater,butcangetintowaterthroughfarming,chemicalmanufacturing,andotherhumanactivities.EPAhasestablishedMCLsfor15inorganiccontaminants[40CFR141.62]. (#(#  LeadandCopperRule :Thisruleestablishednationallimitsonleadandcopperindrinking  0  water[40CFR141.8091].Leadandcoppercorrosionposevarioushealthriskswheningestedatanylevel,andcanenterdrinkingwaterfromhouseholdpipesandplumbingfixtures.StatesreportviolationsoftheLeadandCopperRuleinthefollowingsixcategories: (#(#  MaximumContaminantLevel (MCL):ThehighestamountofacontaminantthatEPAallows (@  0  indrinkingwater.MCLsensurethatdrinkingwaterdoesnotposeeitherashorttermorlongtermhealthrisk.MCLsaredefinedinmilligramsperliter(partspermillion)unlessotherwisespecified. (#(#  Monitoring :EPAspecifieswhichwatertestingmethodsthewatersystemsmustuse,andsets  0  schedulesforthefrequencyoftesting.AwatersystemthatdoesnotfollowEPAsscheduleormethodologyisinviolation[40CFR141]. (#(# 0  StatesmustreportmonitoringviolationsthataresignificantasdeterminedbytheEPAAdministratorandinconsultationwiththeStates.Forpurposesofthisreport,significantmonitoringviolationsaremajorviolationsandtheyoccurwhennosamplesaretakenornoresultsarereportedduringacomplianceperiod.Amajormonitoringviolationforthesurfacewatertreatmentruleoccurswhenatleast90%oftherequiredsamplesarenottakenorresultsarenotreportedduringthecomplianceperiod. (#(#  OrganicContaminants :Carbonbasedcompounds,suchasindustrialsolventsandpesticides. # 0  Thesecontaminantsgenerallygetintowaterthroughrunofffromcroplandordischargefromfactories.EPAhassetlegallimitson54organiccontaminantsthataretobereported[40CFR141.61]. (#(#  Radionuclides :Radioactiveparticleswhichcanoccurnaturallyinwaterorresultfromhuman ( # 0  activity.EPAhassetlegallimitson_four_ԀtypesofRadionuclides:radium226,radium228,grossalpha,andbetaparticle/photonradioactivity[40CFR141]. (#(#  TotalColiformRule (TCR):TheTotalColiformRuleestablishesregulationsfor D,\$' 0  microbiologicalcontaminantsindrinkingwater.Thesecontaminantscancauseshorttermhealthproblems.Ifnosamplesarecollectedduringtheonemonthcomplianceperiod,asignificantmonitoringviolationoccurs. /$'*(#(# Ї AcuteMCLviolation :IndicatesthatthesystemfoundfecalcoliformorE.coli,potentially  0  harmfulbacteria,initswater,therebyviolatingtherule. (#(#  NonacuteMCLviolation :Indicatesthatthesystemfoundtotalcoliforminsamplesofitswater   0  atafrequencyoratalevelthatviolatestherule.Forsystemscollectingfewerthan40samplespermonth,morethanonepositivesamplefortotalcoliformisaviolation.Forsystemscollecting40ormoresamplespermonth,morethan5%ofthesamplespositivefortotalcoliformisaviolation. (#(#  Majorroutineandfollowupmonitoringviolation :Indicatesthatasystemdidnotperformany <T  0  monitoring. (#(#  TreatmentTechniques :AwaterdisinfectionprocessthatEPArequiresinsteadofanMCLfor   0  contaminantsthatlaboratoriescannotadequatelymeasure.FailuretomeetotheroperationalandsystemrequirementsundertheSurfaceWaterTreatmentandtheLeadandCopperRuleshavealsobeenincludedinthiscategoryofviolationforpurposesofthisreport. (#(#  Violation :Afailuretomeetanystateorfederaldrinkingwaterregulation.